Photo Researchers ftp March 2011

The most common form of surgery was bloodletting, which was carried out by uneducated barber-surgeons. People believed it restored the balance of the...

Engraving of a surgeon with his varied equipment.

A drawing of a builder, waterman, blacksmith and butcher.

Six Mechanical Arts: Textile, Work, Smithing, Navigation, Agriculture, Hunting and Medicine. c.1475 from Rodericus Zamorensis, Speculum Vitae Humanae.

Six Mechanical Arts: Textile, Work, Smithing, Navigation, Agriculture, Hunting and Medicine. c.1475 from Rodericus Zamorensis, Speculum Vitae Humanae.

Six Mechanical Arts: Textile, Work, Smithing, Navigation, Agriculture, Hunting and Medicine. c.1475 from Rodericus Zamorensis, Speculum Vitae Humanae.

Tigris and Euphrates valleys: Nineveh, Babylon and the Tower of Babel.

Tigris and Euphrates valleys: Nineveh, Babylon and the Tower of Babel.

Wormwood is used today in various other liqueuers. It acts very powerfully on the nerve centers, causing hallucinations, delerium, and, in some cases,...

Essential oil distillation from fresh herbs in the middle ages to produce aromatic medicines and perfumes.

Essential oil distillation from fresh herbs in the middle ages to produce aromatic medicines and perfumes.

"All things are at length discovered raking." French proverb. 15th century.

17th century illustration of agriculture.

A 15th century banker in his counting house.

Blacksmith's shop, attic vase, 6th century B.C.

Blacksmith's shop, attic vase, 6th century B.C.

Portrait of French surgeon Ambroise Pare. 1582.

Portrait of French surgeon Ambroise Pare. 1582.

Portrait of French surgeon Ambroise Pare. 1582.

The compass maker. Woodcut reproduced from Jost Amman's "Eygentliche Beschreibung aller Stande auff Erden", or "Exact Description of all Ranks on Eart...

Scenes from a trade: timber haulers. Woodcuts, 1500/01, from Les Ordonnances de paris.

Scenes of a trade: charcoal burners. Woodcut, 1500/01. From Les Ordonnances de Paris.

Scenes of a trade: wine merchant. Woodcuts, 1500/01, from Les Ordonnances de paris.

From Peruvian illustrated codex "Nueva Coronica y Buen Gobierno", or "New Chronicle and Good Government", Early 17th century. Written and illustrated...

Woman weaving. From Peruvian illustrated codex "Nueva Coronica y Buen Gobierno", or "New Chronicle and Good Government", Early 17th century. Written a...

Man spinning with llama. From Peruvian illustrated codex "Nueva Coronica y Buen Gobierno", or "New Chronicle and Good Government", Early 17th century....

From Peruvian illustrated codex "Nueva Coronica y Buen Gobierno", or "New Chronicle and Good Government", Early 17th century. Written and illustrated...

This 1534 woodcut, title page of an anonymous chronicle attributed to a member of the expedition, shows Atahualpa seated on a litter, being offered a...

The compass maker. Woodcut reproduced from Jost Amman's "Eygentliche Beschreibung aller Stande auff Erden", or "Exact Description of all Ranks on Eart...

The Locksmith. Woodcut reproduced from Jost Amman's "Eygentliche Beschreibung aller Stande auff Erden", or "Exact Description of all Ranks on Earth"....

Scenes of a trade: charcoal burners. Woodcut, 1500/01. From Les Ordonnances de Paris.

Scenes of a trade: charcoal burners. Woodcut, 1500/01. From Les Ordonnances de Paris.

Scenes of a trade: charcoal burners. Woodcut, 1500/01. From Les Ordonnances de Paris.

From Peruvian illustrated codex "Nueva Coronica y Buen Gobierno", or "New Chronicle and Good Government", Early 17th century. Written and illustrated...

From Peruvian illustrated codex "Nueva Coronica y Buen Gobierno", or "New Chronicle and Good Government", Early 17th century. Written and illustrated...

Woman weaving. From Peruvian illustrated codex "Nueva Coronica y Buen Gobierno", or "New Chronicle and Good Government", Early 17th century. Written a...

Woman weaving. From Peruvian illustrated codex "Nueva Coronica y Buen Gobierno", or "New Chronicle and Good Government", Early 17th century. Written a...

Woman weaving. From Peruvian illustrated codex "Nueva Coronica y Buen Gobierno", or "New Chronicle and Good Government", Early 17th century. Written a...

Man spinning with llama. From Peruvian illustrated codex "Nueva Coronica y Buen Gobierno", or "New Chronicle and Good Government", Early 17th century....

Man spinning with llama. From Peruvian illustrated codex "Nueva Coronica y Buen Gobierno", or "New Chronicle and Good Government", Early 17th century....

Man spinning with llama. From Peruvian illustrated codex "Nueva Coronica y Buen Gobierno", or "New Chronicle and Good Government", Early 17th century....

Scenes of a trade: wine merchant. Woodcuts, 1500/01, from Les Ordonnances de paris.

Scenes of a trade: wine merchant. Woodcuts, 1500/01, from Les Ordonnances de paris.

Scenes of a trade: wine merchant. Woodcuts, 1500/01, from Les Ordonnances de paris.

Scenes from a trade: timber haulers. Woodcuts, 1500/01, from Les Ordonnances de paris.

Scenes from a trade: timber haulers. Woodcuts, 1500/01, from Les Ordonnances de paris.

Scenes from a trade: timber haulers. Woodcuts, 1500/01, from Les Ordonnances de paris.

From Peruvian illustrated codex "Nueva Coronica y Buen Gobierno", or "New Chronicle and Good Government", Early 17th century. Written and illustrated...

From Peruvian illustrated codex " Nueva Coronica y Buen Gobierno", early 17th century, Incas.

From Peruvian illustrated codex " Nueva Coronica y Buen Gobierno", early 17th century, Incas.